The Photonic Theory of Everything

Vernon Brown

42 Last modified July 06, 2008

There is a way to describe photons such that everything in the universe must necessarily be a natural consequence of photonic interaction. Photons of this flavor agree with experiment and behave in accord with most of the rules of quantum physics but they depart from the most cherished notion of that science and avoid its unreasonable ideas. These photons consist of saturated points of amplitude in fields of force that permeate all the fabric of space.

Our receipe for building this universe begins with space and time in the none-varying classic sense. Then we mix in electromagnetic change and stir gently.

Consider that the seat of the electromagnetic field is the empty space.

Classic photon with both of its electromagnetic planes shown.

Electric and magnetic change in space must then cause change in adjacent points in accord with James Clerk Maxwell's equations. These equations demand that when change begins at any point it must continue until the point reaches saturation or until change in adjacent points stop it. This change operates against a spring-like tensor causing the rate of change to vary with time like a swinging pendulum.

Electric change creates magnetic fields and magnetic change creates electric fields. The fields exist as planes situated ninety degrees from each other with the edge of the planes facing the direction of travel. Points of maximum rate of change and maximum amplitude exist where the two planes cross. This is the classical photon model of the 20th century. It is not a particle as in Quantum Theory. It looks like a particle because of its electromagnetically saturated points of maximum amplitude.

Saturation amplitude of photon points is a universal constant of space. Short-wave-length photons have more energy but since they exist for less time and saturate at the same amplitude their energy-time is the same as that of photons with longer wave length. Because of this all photons exist as 6.626075 x 10^-34 Joule-seconds worth of potential energy-time.[1] Planck's constant thus derives from the more basic constant amplitude of photons.

Photons have a fixed saturation property from which Planck's constant derives.

When a point reaches saturation, it begins immediately to change back and its point of saturation moves forward through space at its natural speed of light. This stops the change that had been occurring in points to the side so they do not reach saturation but begin immediately to follow the first point's new direction of change. The first point continues this function going all the way through zero amplitude to saturation in the opposite polarity and back to zero again. Students of math will recognize this kind of change as a sine function and the resulting amplitude fluctuation as a sinusoidal wave form. [Notice that the point of saturation is a constant amplitude. This obvious fact is not generally dwelled upon, but it is the key to understanding the true cause of gravity.]

Fields from all photons contribute toward the saturation amplitude of all other photons.

At a very small distance away from a point's central path, change is so weak that it cannot take [a very noticable] part in the electric or magnetic interactions of particles. Since it can't interact, it is almost invisible to mass. It is not quite invisible, however. No matter how minute this small change becomes it still contributes toward the saturation amplitude that any point in space may reach. [ This is very important. That contribution toward saturation amplitude is the cause of gravity.]

The saturation constant of photons is the root cause of gravity.

This action forms two point-like ripples. They exist as a wave of electric and magnetic amplitude that normally moves through space in a straight line at about 300 million meters per second. Maxwell's equations thus describe quantum-governed photons that exist as points even though he didn't know about the quantum nature of the universe.

Since the seat of the field is the empty space, points in space must act independently and always respond to any change in adjacent points.

The classic view of a photon schematic shows the photon made of electric and magnetic planes. Although this notion agrees with all experiments, Scientists now prefer a statistical explanation that can only be described with complicated mathematical equations. This limits their challengers to those who understand the math.

Change that originates in one photon must then cause change in other photons. Before 1981 scientists thought that this kind of photon-photon interaction could not and did not happen. Now, they routinely observe it.[2]

For more than half of the twentieth century, scientists worked under the misconception that all electromagnetic phenomena were symmetric. Then they found that the speed of light in certain optical media changed with light intensity. In these media the principle of superposition[3] was violated, light could alter its frequency going from red to blue, and light could control light; photons did interact. (Saleh and Teich)

One of the most interesting devices to come from this new science was the "Conjugate mirror." When light strikes this mirror, it does not reflect away at an angle as light does from an ordinary mirror. Light reflects back exactly toward the direction from which it came. A laser weapon firing at this device would destroy itself. The beam would reflect back to its source no matter the angle that the beam struck the mirror.

The big winner, however, was wave-guide technology. Scientists were able to design optic cable so well that fifty thousand simultaneous voice transmissions could travel thousands of miles on a hair-thin fiber. This was not easy. Hair-thin cable had to be developed such that wave packets traveled faster in outer layers than in the most central strand so that when a wave packet strayed outward, its faster speed would bend it inward again. Today, conjugate mirrors are common in optic laboratories and these cables link all the major cities of the world.

The success of this science of non-linear optics effectively destroyed any hope that quantum mechanics could define all interactions of mass with the concept of particle transfer on a scale larger than leptons. [ sub-atomic particles ] Scientists gradually accepted the notion that at the most elementary level, particles and waves were the same. Photons did not exist as either. They only existed as a probability potential to become one or the other. Statistical probability became King of Quantum physics.

We can now abandon the concept of particles altogether as Einstein wanted to do with his unified field theory. When we do, the non-linear phenomena observed in recent times must necessarily be as we see it to be given the concept of photon structure defined here. Photons must interact with other photons. Reasoning shows that they must, observations show that they do, and successful enterprise shows the result of accepting this reality.

There can be no doubt that photons do interact with each other, but we normally don't notice it because the distance between photons is usually very great compared to the size of their saturated points. When two photons move in very close proximity, however, electric and magnetic interaction can bend the path of both.

Factors such as phase angle, passing distance, polarity of phase, polarization of fields, and many others make a prediction of the exact behavior of ordinary-wild light impossible. Its behavior can only be described statistically. Laser light is less wild, however. Its photons line up end to end and side to side in a coherent fashion. Using this, scientists have developed a rich set of equations in addition to Maxwell's that define the behavior of photons. (Saleh and Teich)

When photons move in a straight line, negative change immediately follows positive change--or vice versa--so that space is electrically neutral after the photon passes. In the bent path of a photon this does not happen. The fields are not completely canceled in the bend. There is a remaining electric charge that moves out from the bend radius at the speed of light diminishing in amplitude as the square of distance. [ This fact has avoided publication by the leading journals. It needs to be proven by experiment. We propose a $1,000,000 prize be awarded. ]

The photon's path may bend so that a negative electric field remains or it may bend so that a

An electron is made of a phase locked photon trapped in a resonant cavity formed by its own negative electric field.

positive field remains. This remaining field bends the photon's path more in the same direction as the original cause bent it. At one certain frequency and one certain bend radius this feedback and resonance can trap the photon in a stable loop. The result is an electron or a positron with a circumference of 2.4 x 10^-10 centimeters.[4]

At first it may seem that the requirement of an exact frequency and bend radius would make this a rare event. It is not, however, because feedback from the field is not powerful enough to sustain a bend radius. As a result, any time the original bend is tighter than the photon's wave length the photon must uncurl through its exact wavelength. At its wave-length circumference it finds resonance and that adds the required force to trap an electron's photon in a stable loop.

These illustrations taken from an older publishing by Vernon Brown shows how the classic photon model transforms itself into the elementary particles. Scientists now know that photons do transform into the elementary particles. But they don't like the word "transform". They favor the idea that photons excite some invisible virtual stuff yet unknown and that stuff suddenly becomes visible as particles. Amazing !

Photonic images

If the frequency is greater than ideal, a spiral may form while still maintaining an end-to-end circumference of 2.4 x 10^-10 centimeters. This gives the resulting electron or positron movement through space. The extra energy then exists as movement.

When the frequency is too great for even a spiral loop to form at 2.4 x 10^-10 centimeters, tighter loops

Bonds form between protons when their outer shells merge through each other and come in close proximity with oppositely charged next-to-outer shells.

may form. Most of these are not stable and uncurl rapidly into combinations of photons and other particles but certain combinations of them may exist for a longer time as shells of alternating negative and positive charge. "Hofstadter's Shells Revisited,"[5] explains how these shells make up atomic nuclei and are the source of all nuclear interactions.

The source of the strong nuclear interaction, for example, is the forces on the circumference of the outer shells of protons and neutrons. When a proton's outer shell merges through that of another proton its outer shell can approach the next-to-outer shell of the other. The total of the forces of all shells then in contact calculates to be that of the measured nuclear forces. [ The square root of the sums of the forces calculates to the value of the measured nuclear forces. ]

Shown here is a schematic of photon spin activity of the photon shells that make up elementary particles like protons and neutrons (hadrons). This structure scatters bombarding electrons and provides the rich hadronic spectra the scattered electrons create.

Photons that comprise mass emit fields just as do photons free in space. These fields are strongest in and around massive objects and diminish with the square of distance away from them. As described above, central points in photons always reach saturation and are not able to increase beyond that. When these points pass through fields from other photons the fields contribute toward this saturation amplitude. Points that are changing toward saturation must then reach it at an offset toward increasing field strength. Because of this, all photons including those that comprise mass, must experience a slight acceleration toward other massive objects. [ Photonic gravity: Brown style; Wagman style ]

Proton schematic shown to scale of 100 units of shell four size.

Photon theory does not demand or predict that a neutrino particle exists. In fact the concept of the neutrino is somewhat of a problem. Scientists who advocate photon theory have been unable to show how to build a neutral phase-locked shell out of a single photon. There is a possibility in photon theory that the neutrino could be a spin polerized photon.

The Quantum theories also have a problem with the neutrino. Scientists could not observe these [ neutrino ] particles directly so they reasoned that they could observe them through their by products. In the case of neutrinos, the by products were photon signatures of electron-positron annihilation. A passing neutrino would interact with a proton changing it to a neutron and releasing a positron. The positron would be annihilated by an electron and the resulting photons could be observed.

Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines first conducted this experiment successfully in 1957, but there was a problem that still remains. There was no a-priori reason that the observed photons must have come from the set of circumstances imagined, and more recent experiments have failed to detect the required neutrons that should be created in the process.[6]

The case for quarks is even less convincing. Scientists can only observe them through by products of very short-lived massive particles that they assume are created by quark decay. There are so many short-lived massive particles that some must fit the required mass range whether quarks exist or not.

Shell structure of the proton and neutron.
Click the image for full-size view.

This photonic universe must necessarily exist in non-varying space and time in the classic-common sense. [ Classic Spact-Time ] All massive objects are made of photons that move at the constant speed of light. Because of this, they must necessarily experience space and time differently when the mass is moving. The phenomenon of relativity is the natural result of the construct of mass and is not a property of space or time. [7]

When we develop equations to predict how this kind of mass must change with movement we find that we have reproduced equations first developed by H. A. Lorentz at the turn of the twentieth century. His "Lorentz transformations" accurately describe the observed changes in mass moving in different inertial frames of reference.

Photons are thus at the root of all things and this may seem much different from the standard-model universe. It is not so much different, however. Einstein's theory of relativity still holds, for example, and his equations still work to describe observed changes in massive objects in motion. We changed only the assumptions that were at odds with reasonable cause.

So now we have described photons that pass all tests of reality that we can yet devise. If they do exist in space and time, these photons are the underlying framework for the universe and our picture of it is much more clear. Although we may never be completely convinced that our universe exists as such, we can never deny the possibility that it might. Until some new discovery shoots it down, the photonic theory of everything must stand as the most simple, reasonable, and complete of all such theories yet advanced.

[1]Vernon Brown, "How Come the Quantum," Feb. Photonics, Cabot Arkansas, 1994. This work shows that it is a simple a-priori mathematical reality that this is so.

[2]Bahaa E. A. Saleh and Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, New York, 1991.

[3]The principle of superposition should hold because the wave equation is linear. The principle states that if u1(r,t) and u2(r,t) represent optical waves, then u(r,t) = u1(r,t) + u2(r,t) also represents a possible optical wave.

[4]Vernon Brown, "Square of the Shells Rule," Photonics, Cabot Arkansas, 1991.
Electron mass is .51099906 MeV yielding a frequency of 1.2344 x 10²⁰ HZ, a wavelength of 2.4286 x 10^-10 centimeters, a loop diameter of 7.7306 x 10^-11 centimeters, and one electron force at its circumference.
Shell one mass is 1.303008 MeV yielding a frequency of 3.1476 x 10²⁰ HZ, a wavelength of 9.5243 x 10^-11 centimeters, a loop diameter of 3.0317 x 10^-11 centimeters, and 2.5499 electron forces at its circumference.
Shell 2 mass is 3.3225 MeV, yielding a frequency of 8.0262 x 10²⁰ HZ, a wavelength of 3.735 x 10^-11 centimeters, a loop diameter of 1.1889 x 10^-11 centimeters, and 6.50²¹ electron forces at its circumference. Shell 3 mass is 21.6036 MeV, yielding a frequency of 5.2187 x 10²¹ HZ, a wavelength of 5.7445 x 10^-12 centimeters, a loop diameter of 1.8285 x 10^-12 centimeters, and 42.2773 electron forces at its circumference.
Shell 4 mass is 913.3460 MeV, yielding a frequency of 2.2063 x 10²³ HZ, a wavelength of 1.3587 x 10^-13 centimeters, a loop diameter of 4.3251 x 10^-14 centimeters, and 1787.3732 electron forces at its circumference.

[5]Vernon Brown, "Hofstadters Shells Revisited," Photonics, Cabot Arkansas, 1994.

[6]Samuel Devons, "Neutrino," Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia, New York, 1993.

[7]Albert Einstein, "Development of Our Conception of the Nature and Constitution of Radiation," Physikalische Zeitschrift 22, 1909. Translated by Christian Holm. Jefferson Hane Weaver, The World of Physics, VOL. II, New York, 1987. Einstein discussed this with H. Ziegler, Max Planck, and Stark.