Common Misconceptions

Energy can become electrons only in the presence of matter.

Photons do not create gravity.

Nuclear dynamics prohibit a photon-only universe.

Conservation laws prohibit a photon-only universe.

Electron size was measured.

Neutrinos have been detected.

Experimental evidence supports QM superposition.

None of the above are true
in established theory.

All the below are true
but not yet established theory.

Electrons and positrons consist of electric and magnetic amplitude change.

Photons AND ONLY PHOTONS create and respond to gravity.

Conservation laws require that electrons and positrons be created as pairs.

Protons and Neutrons exist inside of electrons which form shells around them.

Gravity results from remnant electric and magnetic fields.

At the turn of the twentieth century scientists suspected that the final irreducible constituent of all physical reality was the electromagnetic field. There was good reason. That construct of physical reality showed exactly why all phenomena of relativity was real. All of nature was relative to light because all of nature was made of light.

No other explanation can show why relativity phenomena behaves the way it does. The number of independent variables that exactly match, produce probability results that stagger the mind. With odds like that, we know that it is as real as the morning sun. There is no other answer. Yet, just about every physicist we know of refutes that notion.

We know relativity phenomena is real because Maxwell's equations are invariant with respect to movement. They predict the speed of light without regard to the motion of the system. This indicates that all physical reality consists of a fundamental component that always moves at the invariant speed of light. Poincare, Lorentz, Fitzgerald and others realized this. They developed a set of equations based upon that notion.

The equations show how physical reality comprised of a most fundamental element that must always move at the invarient speed of light must distort with motion. The Lorentz transformations thus came to be. They were published years before Einstein published his theory of relativity.

The old evidence is HIDDEN from casual observers.

The concept that all of nature is made of light alone is very restrictive. Almost every fundamental construct of nature that we can imagine can not happen within the confines of that idea. These include Quantum Theory, Big Bang theory, String theory, and Relativity theory.

Well, that concept must be wrong then, huh? That's what everybody thought. And thought. And thought. And die hards still think it. For two hundred years now. You would think, wouldn't you, that there would be some evidence that the old idea is wrong? However, there is none. Billions spent, still every test shows that the old idea holds true.

Physicists don't like it. So, even though a universe made of light shows cause and effect for all known phenomena, physicists reject the idea. They opt instead for a theory unable to show cause for any natural phenomena, and unable even to show cause for the existence of mass. They can't even answer the most simple question, "What Is Mass?"

In a photonic universe, the answer is obvious. Mass is a confined system of electric and magnetic amplitude change. Mass is electromagnetic change. Any and all electric and magnetic amplitude change, when confined, is mass. Established theory predicts it. Observations show it. Tested equations quantify it. It is as real as reality gets.

Imagine a Universe

where the only thing that exists is
electric and magnetic change.

This universe is comprised only of electromagnetic phenomena that takes place in space and time in the none-varying classic sense. We know this because we see that all relativity phenomena is a direct result of this construct.

There has never ever been found even one piece of evidence that nature is not so comprised. If you think you know of such evidence, then by all means, claim the prize.

Classic photon with both of its electromagnetic planes shown.

The force exists as planes that diminish as the square of distance, not the cube as would be so otherwise.

We add the notion of electromagnetic saturation of space. We deduce this notion from the fact that electromagnetic amplitude does not enter into the quantum equation for Planck's Constant. If amplitude were variable it would have to be in the equation. The only variable in the equation is rate of change expressed as frequency.

This notion alone provides quantum phenomena and gravitational phenomena which we will discuss later. But first, consider just how electric and magnetic amplitude change works in accord with Maxwell's equations.

Observations indicate that when electromagnetic change begins at any point in space it continues until that point reaches saturation or until change in adjacent points stop it. This change operates against a tensor to cause the rate of change to vary with time to produce the sine wave structure we see.

Spatially extended fields drive the points through space and determine trajectory. But, interaction only happens near the points. This provides the phenomena observed in double slit experiments. Spatially extended fields drive the points through space. Interaction only happens very near the points.

Dwell on the above paragraph. It solves the problem pondered for centuries. Fields all around drive points. Interaction happens at the points. Any change to the fields affects the trajectory of the points. So there is no mystery about the double slit experiments. There is no particle-wave duality. There are only points of saturation where interaction can happen, driven by amplitude change in spatially extended fields.

We will show how the saturation property of photons provide gravitation phenomena. But first, consider just exactly what is gravity.

Electric and magnetic amplitude change in fields of force drive photon points through space. The fields extend out through space forever. At a very small distance away from a photon's central path, amplitude change in the fields is too weak to interact with mass. Since it can't interact, it is invisible to mass. The fields permeate all of space including massive objects. These fields provide gravitation phenomena. The exact mechanism is as follows.

Fields from all photons contribute toward the saturation amplitude of all other photons.

Gravity diminishes as the square of distance. This indicates that gravity propagates in planes. If it propagated as a volume through the sphere of distance from its source, it would necessarily diminish as the cube of distance. This is a strong clue that the crossed planes of electromagnetic fields is the source of gravity.

Youtube video of photonic gravity. Photonic Gravity

Now it is time to introduce that second added property of photons. This property allows photons to become massive objects. The property is very simple and has been observed for more than a hundred years. Einstein described it. Sir Author Eddington measured it.

The classic view of a photon schematic shows the photon made of electric and magnetic planes.

But, Einstein worked the phenomena into his theory of relativity. This hid its true nature from physicists since. It has been right under our nose for over a hundred years and we missed it until now.

The phenomena is that when an outside force bends the path of a photon, the path bends twice as much as the outside force contribution. We observe this in starlight that passes close to the sun. We can measure this during solar eclipses.

We suspect that Einstein knew of this phenomena before he predicted it in his special theory of relativity. In any event, Einstein attributed it to warped space. Space does not warp in a universe made of light. All of relativity phenomena results from the construct of matter. Matter is relative to light because matter is made of light.

Details of how relativity phenomina develops from this construct of matter will come later. Now lets consider how this photon can become an electron.

An electron is made of a phase locked photon trapped in a resonant cavity formed by its own negative electric field.

At first it may seem that the requirement of an exact frequency and bend radius would make this a rare event. It is not, however, because feedback from the field is not powerful enough to sustain a bend radius. As a result, any time the original bend is tighter than the photon's wave length the photon must uncurl through its exact wavelength. At its wave-length circumference it finds resonance and that adds the required force to trap an electron's photon in a stable loop.

Frequencies greater than electron energy create tighter loops. Most of these are not stable and uncurl rapidly into a combination of photons and other particles but certain combinations of them may exist for a longer time as composite sandwiched shells of alternating negative and positive charge. A proton consists of three such shells and a neutron consists of four.

Electric charge associated with particles derives from the bend radius of the photon curl of the particle shell. The tighter the bend, the greater the charge.

Since a tighter bend results in a smaller radius and charge amplitude diminishes as the square of distance, all charge values measure as one electron charge when sensed at an electron's radius.

The table at left is produced by a simple software program in C. It shows the charge, mass, and diameters of shells that comprise protons and neutrons. The program runs from the console and provides output to the console.

The electric charge of shell three and shell two provide the strong nuclear interaction. As shown below, two of shell three and two of shell two are involved in the dynamic. The four values add up to the strong force value.

The source of the strong nuclear interaction is the forces at the circumference of the outer shells of protons and neutrons.

When protons smash together with enough force, their massive inside shells force the outer shells to push through each other. The inner shells become trapped within the outer shells.

Later version showing fields. Click to enlarge.

When a proton's outer shell merges through that of another proton the inside shells come in close proximity. The negatively charged outer circumference of shell 3 of each proton face off against each other.
Youtube Video output of Neutron Simulator.

Neutron simulator source code.
Neutron simulator class library.
Gravity simulator source code.
Gravity simulator class library.

The charge amplitude of shell three is over forty two times an electron's charge amplitude. There are two shells three and two shells two in close proximity. The total of the forces of all shells in close proximity calculates to be that of he nuclear forces.

The strange dynamic of the strong nuclear interaction results from the way the inner shells are trapped inside the outer shells. Any attempt to separate the two protons encounters an increase in force. This gives the illusion that force increases with distance. Actually, like charges must move closer together to push through the outer shells.

Once the outer shells are breached, all sense of the strong force is lost. Any measure we may introduce must sense the force from a distance greater than an electron's radius. Sensed from that distance the measure is exactly one electron force. This is because the amplitude of the electric force diminishes as the square of distance. It diminishes as the square, not the cube, of distance because it propagates as planes and not as a three dimensional volume.
Now think Gravity.

Photon theory does not demand or predict that a neutrino particle exists. In fact the concept of the neutrino is somewhat of a problem. Scientists who advocate photon theory have been unable to show how to build a neutral phase-locked shell out of a single photon. There is a possibility in photon theory that the neutrino could be a spin polarized photon.

This photonic universe must necessarily exist in non-varying space and time in the classic-common sense. All massive objects are made of photons that move at the constant speed of light. Because of this, they must necessarily experience space and time differently when the mass is moving. The phenomenon of relativity is the natural result of the construct of mass and is not a property of space or time.

Shown here is a schematic of photon spin activity of the photon shells that make up elementary particles like protons and neutrons (hadrons). This structure scatters bombarding electrons and provides the rich hadronic spectra the scattered electrons create.

When we develop equations to predict how this kind of mass must change with movement we find that we have reproduced equations first developed by H. A. Lorentz at the turn of the twentieth century. His "Lorentz transformations" accurately describe the observed changes in mass when it is measured from different inertial frames of reference.

Photons are thus at the root of all things and this may seem much different from the standard-model universe. It is not so much different, however. Relativity phenomena still exists and Einstein's theory still describes it. All facts are still the same.

We introduced two new concepts forced upon us by observed facts of nature. The first, constant photon amplitude, is forced by the fact that electric and magnetic amplitude do not enter into the energy equation of a photon. The second, positive feedback, is forced by the fact that the area outside a curve is greater than the area inside a curve.

So now we have described photons that pass all tests of reality that we can yet devise. If they do exist in space and time, these photons are the underlying framework for the universe and our picture of it is much more clear. Although we may never be completely convinced that our universe exists as such, we can never deny the possibility that it might. No experiment yet devised can show that this universe consists of anything other than photons as we describe them here.

[3]The principle of superposition should hold because the wave equation is linear.  The principle states that if u1(r,t) and u2(r,t) represent optical waves, then u(r,t) = u1(r,t) + u2(r,t) also represents a possible optical wave.

[6]Samuel Devons, "Neutrino," Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia, New York, 1993.

[7]Albert Einstein, "Development of Our Conception of the Nature and Constitution of Radiation," Physikalische Zeitschrift 22, 1909. Translated by Christian Holm. Jefferson Hane Weaver, The World of Physics, VOL. II, New York, 1987. Einstein discussed this with H. Ziegler, Max Planck, and Stark.