The Photonic Theory of Everything

The Photonic Theory of Everything
by
Vernon Brown
4077 Last modified June 24, 2009

There is a way to describe photons such that everything in the universe must necessarily be a natural consequence of photonic interaction. Photons of this flavor agree with experiment and behave in accord with most of the rules of quantum physics but they depart from the most cherished notion of that science and avoid its unreasonable ideas. These photons consist of saturated points of electric and magnetic amplitude in fields of electric and magnetic force that permeate all the fabric of space.

Nature's Evidence | Neutron Model | Model Source Code | Function Library

Our receipe for building this universe begins with space and time in the none-varying classic sense. Then we mix in electromagnetic change and stir gently.

Consider that the seat of the electromagnetic field is the empty space.

Classic photon with its electric and magnetic planes shown perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of propagation through space.

Electric and magnetic change in space must cause change in adjacent points in accord with James Clerk Maxwell's equations. These equations show that when change begins at any point it must continue until the point reaches saturation unless change in adjacent points stop it. This change operates against a spring-like tensor causing the rate of change to vary with time like a swinging pendulum. Thus we introduce a new concept that will unify gravity and the electromagnetic field. This concept is that photons exist as points of electric and magnetic saturation. Each half cycle of a single photon contains a point of saturation.

In the classical photon model, electric change creates magnetic fields and magnetic change creates electric fields. The fields exist as planes situated ninety degrees from each other with the edge of the planes facing the direction of travel. Points of maximum rate of change and maximum amplitude exist where the two planes cross. This is the classical photon model of the 20th century. It looks like a particle because its maximum rate of change moves through space as a point. The fields that surround the point are the same substance as the point and only differ in electric and magnetic amplitude. This idea of saturation is one of two changes we introduce to the classical model.

Saturation amplitude of photon points is a universal constant of space. Short-wave-length photons have more energy but since they exist for less time and saturate at the same amplitude their energy-time is the same as that of photons with longer wave length. Because of this all photons exist as 6.626075 x 10^-34 Joule-seconds worth of potential energy-time.[1] Planck's constant thus derives from the more basic constant amplitude of photons.

Photons have a fixed saturation property from which Planck's constant derives.

When a point reaches saturation, it begins immediately to change back and its point of saturation moves forward through space at its natural speed of light. This stops the change that had been occurring in points to the side so they do not reach saturation but begin immediately to follow the first point's new direction of change. The first point continues this function going all the way through zero amplitude to saturation in the opposite polarity and back to zero again. Students of math will recognize this kind of change as a sine function and the resulting amplitude fluctuation as a sinusoidal wave form. Notice that the point of saturation is a constant amplitude. This is the property of a photon that gives us the true cause of gravity.

Fields from all photons contribute toward the saturation amplitude of all other photons.

At a very small distance away from a photon's central path, its electric and magnetic amplitude are too weak to directly interact with mass. Since the fields can't interact, they are almost invisible to mass. They are not completely invisible, however. No matter how minute these small fields become they still contribute toward the saturation amplitude that any point in space may reach. This is very important. That contribution toward saturation amplitude is the cause of gravity.

The saturation constant of photons is the root cause of gravity.

This action forms two point-like ripples. They exist as a wave of electric and magnetic amplitude that normally moves through space in a straight line at about 300 million meters per second. Maxwell's equations thus describe quantum-governed photons that exist as points even though he did not know about the quantum nature of the universe.

The root cause of all quantum phenomena is that photons always go to saturation. This saturation is in the form of the maximum possible electric and magnetic amplitude that empty space can support. The fact that photons go to saturation also precludes the possibility of a massive singularity in space. It is like a cosmic censor. Just as a massive object can never reach the speed of light, so also the concentration of mass can never reach this saturation magnitude.

Since the seat of the field is the empty space, points in space must act independently and always respond to any change in electric and magnetic fields near them.

This classic view of a photon schematic shows the photon made of electric and magnetic planes. It agrees with all experiments. Points of maximum rate of change are detected as particles. These points may change direction of movement by saturating at an offset toward the increasing field strength of other photons.

A photon contains both negative and positive electric fields as well as north-south magnetic fields. Since both senses of the fields are present, a photon does not alter its path directly as a result of static electric and magnetic fields in its path. The photon's path is altered in the sense that its points of saturation occur at a slightly modified place in space because the extra fields contributed toward the saturation of the points. This is how photons attract each other and this is the fundamental cause of gravity.

Now we introduce the second property that we add to a photon. This property produces the electric and magnetic fields and the strong and weak nuclear forces. When photons move in a straight line, negative change immediately follows positive change so that space is electrically neutral after the photon passes. This is not the case, however, if the path of a photon is forced to change direction due to interference from other photons. In the bent path of a photon electric and magnetic fields can not completely cancel to neutral. There is a remaining electric charge that moves out from the bend radius at the speed of light diminishing in amplitude as the square of distance. We know this must be the case because the fields cannot be symmetrical in the bent path. As far as we know there has never been an attempt to detect this property; it needs to be done.

The photon's path may bend so that a negative electric field remains or it may bend so that a

An electron is made of a phase locked photon trapped in a resonant cavity formed by its own negative electric field.

positive field remains. This remaining field bends the photon's path more in the same direction as the original cause bent it. At one certain frequency and one certain bend radius this feedback and resonance can trap the photon in a stable loop. The result is an electron or a positron with a circumference of 2.4 x 10^-10 centimeters.
At first it may seem that the requirement of an exact frequency and bend radius would make this a rare event. It is not, however, because feedback from the field is not powerful enough to sustain a bend radius. As a result, any time the original bend is tighter than the photon's wave length the photon must uncurl through its exact wavelength. At its wave-length circumference it finds resonance and that adds the required force to trap an electron's photon in a stable loop.

If the frequency is greater than ideal, a spiral may form while still maintaining an end-to-end circumference of 2.4 x 10^-10 centimeters. This gives the resulting electron or positron movement through space. The extra energy then exists as movement.

When the frequency is too great for even a spiral loop to form at 2.4 x 10^-10 centimeters, tighter loops

Bonds form between protons when their outer shells merge through each other and through the next-to-outer shells. The inside shells are then contained within the outside shells. In order to separate, the inside shells must first move closer to the inner wall of the outside shells. This moves like charges closer together. Like charges repel. This gives the well known dynamic of the strong force. It gets stronger with distance.

may form. Most of these are not stable and uncurl rapidly into combinations of photons and other particles but certain combinations of them may exist for a longer time as shells of alternating negative and positive charge. Hofstadter's Shells Revisited, explains how these shells make up atomic nuclei and are the source of all nuclear interactions.

The source of the strong nuclear interaction, for example, is the forces on the circumference of the outer shells of protons and neutrons. When a proton's outer shell merges through that of another proton its outer shell can approach the next-to-outer shell of the other. The total of the forces of all shells then in contact calculates to be that of the measured nuclear forces.

Shown here is a schematic of photon spin activity of the photon shells that make up elementary particles like protons and neutrons (hadrons). This structure scatters bombarding electrons and provides the rich hadron spectra seen in the scattered electrons.

Photons that comprise mass emit fields just as do photons free in space. These fields are strongest in and around massive objects and diminish with the square of distance away from them. As described above, central points in photons always reach saturation and are not able to increase beyond that. When these points pass through fields from other photons the fields contribute toward this saturation amplitude. Points that are changing toward saturation must then reach it at an offset toward increasing field strength. Because of this, all photons including those that comprise mass, attract each other.

Photonic gravity:
Brown style;
Wagman style

Proton schematic shown to scale of 100 units of shell four size.

Photon theory does not demand or predict that a neutrino particle exists. In fact the concept of the neutrino is somewhat of a problem. Scientists who advocate photon theory have been unable to show how to build a neutral phase-locked shell out of a single photon. There is a possibility in photon theory that the neutrino could be a spin polarized photon.

The Quantum theories also have a problem with the neutrino. Scientists could not observe these neutrino particles directly so they reasoned that they could observe them through their by products. In the case of neutrinos, the by products were photon signatures of electron-positron annihilation. A passing neutrino would interact with a proton changing it to a neutron and releasing a positron. The positron would be annihilated by an electron and the resulting photons could be observed.

Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines first conducted this experiment successfully in 1957, but there was a problem that still remains. There was no a-priory reason that the observed photons must have come from the set of circumstances imagined, and more recent experiments have failed to detect the required neutrons that should be created in the process.[6]

The case for quarks is even less convincing. Scientists can only observe them through by products of very short-lived massive particles that they assume are created by quark decay. There are so many short-lived massive particles that some must fit the required mass range whether quarks exist or not.

Shell structure of the proton and neutron.
Click the image for full-size view.

This photonic universe must necessarily exist in non-varying space and time in the classic-common sense. All massive objects are made of photons that move at the constant speed of light. Because of this, they must necessarily experience space and time differently when the mass is moving. The phenomenon of relativity is the natural result of the construct of mass and is not a property of space or time.

When we develop equations to predict how this kind of mass must change with movement we find that we have reproduced equations first developed by H. A. Lorentz at the turn of the twentieth century. His "Lorentz transformations" accurately describe the observed changes in mass moving in different inertial frames of reference.

So now we have described photons that pass all tests of reality that we can yet devise. If they do exist in space and time, these photons are the underlying framework for the universe and our picture of it is much more clear. Although we may never be completely convinced that our universe exists as such, we can never deny the possibility that it might. Until some new discovery shoots it down, the photonic theory of everything must stand as the most simple, reasonable, and complete of all such theories yet advanced.

[2]Bahaa E. A. Saleh and Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, New York, 1991.

6]Samuel Devons, "Neutrino," Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia, New York, 1993.

[7]Albert Einstein, "Development of Our Conception of the Nature and Constitution of Radiation," Physikalische Zeitschrift 22, 1909. Translated by Christian Holm. Jefferson Hane Weaver, The World of Physics, VOL. II, New York, 1987. Einstein discussed this with H. Ziegler, Max Planck, and Stark.

In the images below the red and blue circles represent photon shells that comprise the proton and the neutron. The neutron is composed of four shells, the proton is composed of three. Each shell completes its circumference in one wave length. When the electromagnetic sine wave completes a circle in one wave length, the same polarity remains on the outside of the circle all the way around. This gives electric charge to the particles.

Proton to scale in units of shell 4 diamter.

Neutron to scale

The square-of-the-shells rule predicts the mass and electrical charge amplitude of each shell.

The image below is a model of a neutron. The electric fields are expanded to show points of maximum amplitude. The same polarity remains on the outside of the shells all the way around because the comprising photon completes one wave length cycle within the circumference.