/****************************************************************************

                    Square of the shells calculator. 
   Rule discovered by Vernon Brown Novenber 5th 1991 shows that a simple
relationship between the masses of shells that make up elementary particles
may exist.  This construct for mass has the proton made of 3 sandwiched 
electromagnetic shells and the neutron made of four. The neutron's outer 
shell, s1, starts a square of shells sequence that derives the mass of 
the other 3 shells, s2, s3, and s4. s2 = s1 * s1; s3 = s2 * s2; s4 = s3 * s3;
Proton = s4 + s3 + s2. Neutron = Proton + s1

To compile and run in Linux use the following commands at the console:

cc mevs.c
./a.out


To Do: Calculate the fine structure constant. This constant really
       represents the ratio of electrical charge amplitude to the
       bend radius of a photon's path.
Known: At the bend radius of the photon that comprises the electron
       the charge is one electron charge.
       At the bend radius of the photons that compise shells 2 and 3
       the value of the charge is that of the strong nuclear force.
****************************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int
main(int argc, char **argv){
   double e, s1, s2, s3, s4; 
   double prot, neut, plc;             /* plc = Planks Constant        */
   double pvprot, pvneut, caltry;
   double pi, dia1, dia2, dia3, dia4;  /* Will be used for diameters   */
   double lightspeed, diae;
   double dia4x;
   int x;
   char try[80];
   
   char c;
   char electron[] = {".51099905"};     /* Physical Review D June 1992 */
   char proton[] = {"938.27231"};       /* Measured nominal values     */
   char neutron[] = {"939.56563"};
   //plc = 6.6260755;                   /* Planck's Constant           */
   plc = 6.62607095;                    /* NPL figures after 2006      */
   pi  = 3.1415926535;
   lightspeed = .00299792458;           /* times 10 to the 11th        */
   try[0] = 0;
   strcpy(try, "2.549920405");          /* Neutron - Proton mass       */
   s1 = atof(try);                      /* in electron masses          */
   caltry = atof(neutron) - atof(proton);
   e = atof(electron);
   
   while(s1 > 0){
       //system("cls");    /* Uncomment for Windows */
       system("clear");    /* Uncomment for Linux   */
       s2 = s1 * s1;
       s3 = s2 * s2;
       s4 = s3 * s3;
       prot = s4 + s3 + s2;
       neut = prot + s1;   
       diae = plc / (pi *  e * lightspeed);
       dia1 = plc / (pi * s1 * lightspeed);
       dia2 = plc / (pi * s2 * lightspeed);
       dia3 = plc / (pi * s3 * lightspeed);
       dia4 = plc / (pi * s4 * lightspeed);
       /* Diameters assume wave-length=circumfrence             */
       /* Divided by shell 4 diameter for units in shell 4 dia  */
       /*                                                       */
       /* Un-comment the below for diameter in units of Shell 4 */
       /* Comment out the below for diameter in cemtimeters -11 */
       /*********************************************************/
       if(dia4 <= 0){
         printf("\nShell 4 is zero or less -- must abort -- \n");
         return 0;
       }
       diae /= dia4;
       dia1 /= dia4;
       dia2 /= dia4;
       dia3 /= dia4;
       dia4 /= dia4;
       /*********************************************************/
       printf("                        Square-of-the-Shells rule\n");
       printf("                        Vernon Brown Nov 5th 1991\n");
       printf("                 Diameters are in units of Shell 4 diameter\n\n");
       printf("\nPublished values:                in mev");
       printf("       electrons    ");
       printf("    diameters ");
       printf("\nElectron-----------------------    %s", electron);
       printf("    1.00000");
       printf("       %05.5f", diae);
       printf("\nNeutron------------------------ %s", neutron);
       pvneut = atof(neutron) / atof(electron);
       printf(" or %5.5f", pvneut);
       printf("        %5.5f", dia1);
       printf("\nProton------------------------- %s", proton);
       pvprot = atof(proton) / atof(electron);
       printf(" or %05.5f", pvprot);
       printf("        %5.5f", dia2);
       printf("\nNeutron - Proton -----------------%5.5f", caltry);
       printf(" or    %5.5f", caltry / e);
       printf("\n\nCalculated values:               in mev");
       printf("       electrons    ");
       printf("    diameters");
       printf("\nShell one mass ---------------");
       printf("    %5.5f", s1 * e);
       printf("       %5.5f", s1);
       printf("        %5.5f", dia1);
       printf("\nShell two mass ---------------");
       printf("    %5.5f", s2 * e);
       printf("       %5.5f", s2);
       printf("        %5.5f", dia2);
       printf("\nShell three mass -------------");
       printf("   %5.5f", s3 * e);
       printf("      %5.5f", s3);
       printf("         %5.5f", dia3);
       printf("\nShell four mass  -------------");
       printf("  %5.5f", s4 * e);   
       printf("    %5.5f", s4);
       printf("          %5.5f", dia4);
       printf("\n");
       printf("\nProton mass = s4 + s3 + s2 ---- %5.5f", prot * e);
       printf("    %5.5f", prot);
       if(pvprot - prot > 0)
           printf(" binding  %5.5f ", pvprot - prot);
       else
           printf(" binding %5.5f ", pvprot - prot);
       printf("\nNeutron mass = proton + s1 ---- %5.5f", neut * e);
       printf("    %5.5f", neut);
       if(pvneut - neut > 0)
           printf(" binding  %5.5f ", pvneut - neut);
       else
           printf(" binding %5.5f ", pvneut - neut);
       c = 0; x = 0;
       printf("\n\nValues with shell one mass set to %s", try);
       printf("\nEnter a new number to try         ");
       while(c != 0x0a){
           c = getc(stdin);
           try[x++] = c;
       }
       s1 = atof(try);
       if(s1 < 1)
           break; 
       try[x - 1] = 0;
   }
   return 1;
}