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The ultimate photon theory must provide a proof that everything in the universe can be described in terms of Maxwell's partial differential equations. There can be some modifications such as those proposed by Dr. Robert Kemp. The task can then be reduced down to just two more additions. There needs to be a function that quantifies an imbalance in the photon's electromagnetic fields whenever the photon's path is bent. This must result in an electric charge that is positive feedback to the photon so that it bends the path more in the same direction. The other function must be one that quantifies resonance in terms of its holding force when the bend radius of the photon places one wavelength inside a circumference. The combination of the charge produced by the positive feedback and the force of resonance must be just right to hold the photon in the circle pattern. Parts of the problem are already defined. We know the result. An electron is created. This gives us the circumference of the pattern and the electric charge value associated with that amount of curve. The circumference is equal to the wavelength of the electron. The electric charge is equal to the charge of the electron. There should be a way to normalize that charge/curve ratio so that the amount of charge associated with any curve can be calculated. Then Maxwell's equations must be modified to accommodate the two added forces. So modified Maxwell's equations can describe everything in the universe. That is because once we get past the initial creation of a particle of matter from the electromagnetic field, all the rest can be built up using standard particle theory. |
ShellDynamics
Evidence
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by
Vernon Brown
August 9, 2008
While I'm continuing to play with graphics programming to show the Square
of the Shells concept for nuclear particles, I'll post the source code for
others to play with. The source code below will compile and run on Linux
based PC's that have the SDL library in the include path. The program itself
is very simple. It puts 10 neutrons on screen and animates them. The neutrons
randomly decay into protons. The protons may then interact to become hydrogen
atoms if the randomly selected temperature is great enough.
Typing f on the keyboard increases temperature on one nucleon.
Typing 1 on the keyboard adds one neutron to the screen.
Typing 0 on the keyboard subtracts one nucleon from the screen.
Typing g on the keyboard increases scale.
Typing s on the keyboard reduces scale.
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Source Code |
Structure Library |
The Evidence
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Source Code || veblib.h function library
I'm just starting this program to investigate the shell concept of nuclear particles. The program sets up a graphics screen 1600 by 800 pixels and shows protons and neutrons to scale in terms of shell four size which is the size of a half pixel at the present scale.
Typing the letter f on the keyboard while the screen is in focus increases the temperature. When fully implemented, a certain temperature will cause the protons to begin to merge into hydrogen atoms. The final program should show how the electromagnetic charge at the surface of shells two and shells three provides both the strong and the weak nuclear interactions.This is a work in progress and I have to learn as I go.
Eight protons trapped in each other's inner dynamic electric fields. The
negative fields all face each other, forcing shells three toward the center
until stopped by the negative outside fields of shells three.
Same configuration with another background color.
Still another background.
The Evidence
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Evidence that the universe is an electromagnetic construct.
by
Vernon Brown
July 11, 2008
The dynamics of the shell structure of elementary particles is a wide open field ripe for discovery. Such a structure was proposed by Dr. Robert Hofstadter of Stanford University. He developed shell models to satisfy the hadron spectra he found after bombarding atomic nuclei with electrons in the energy range of 600 mev. The scientific community awarded Dr. Hofstadter the Nobel Prize for discovering nuclear structure. They ignored the actual structure that Dr. Hofstadter proposed.
If we had paid proper tribute to Dr. Hofstadter's discoveries, we would have expanded upon his proposal. Instead of three Quarks, we would have three shells. Shell One would be the largest. It would be the outer shell of the Neutron. The mass of Shell One would be about 2.549920405 electrons worth of mass or 1.30301 mev.
Two protons can smash together with such force that their outside shells pass through each other until the middle shells of each are trapped inside the negative inside layer of the outside shells. |
This Shell One would be the outside shell of the Neutron. Without this shell, the Neutron is exactly the same as the proton. The strength of the electric charge at the circumference of this shell is 2.5 times as strong as the strength of the electric charge at the electron's electromagnetic circumference. Seen from the outside, the charge of this outer shell of the neutron is negative. Seen from the inside, it is positive.
We have made computer models of Hofstadter's Shells. Using the C++ programming language, we made a class structure for Electrons, Neutrons, and Protons. We do not have the movement Methods for the classes but we know such Methods are possible. We know the characteristics of the Methods from what Nature itself shows us.
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by
Vernon Brown
June 25 2008
The phenomena of relativity in nature is such overwhelming evidence that our tendency is to look no further. But there is much more evidence. If the final irreducible constituent of all physical reality is the electromagnetic field, there will be evidence of that everywhere we look. And conversely there will be no irrefutable evidence to the contrary. We maintain that is the case and offer this evidence that it is the case.
The first thing most folks list as evidence to the contrary is that the four forces of nature are distinctly different. But as we have shown in Photon Theory, it is quite easy to develop consistent unification theories using known electromagnetic phenomena. The four forces are simply different manifestations of electromagnetic phenomena. Professor Willis Thompson of San Diego State University shows that quiet easily.
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by
Vernon Brown
June 23, 2008
Nature behaves as though its most elemental constituent always moves at the constant speed of light in flat space-time. That is a fact. We have known that fact for well over a hundred years. We have developed the scientific laws and equations that describe all the details of exactly how nature must appear to us if it is so comprised. No one has ever seen nature mis-behave. It follows these laws and equations exactly. It presents itself to us in exactly that way.
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by
Vernon Brown
June 21, 2008
By November 5th 1991 I had concluded that the advocates of a completely electromagnetic universe were probably correct. Quantum Mechanics, admittedly the most successful theory yet conceived, was non-the-less wrong at its philosophical foundation. All of the elementary particles were simple constructs of electromagnetic energy.
At first I thought I had stumbled upon some great truth, but then after several years researching the old texts and documents squirreled away by scientists of the early 20th century, I saw that this was an old idea. I saw mention in some of Einstein's published memos that James Clerk Maxwell, Lorentz, and Poincare worked on that assumption, leading to The Lorentz_ether_theory
I wrote a computer program to see how a Neutron could be constructed from a photon's components. It turned out to work quite well. Simply curl photons into tight one-wavelength loops and sandwich them together in four shells. The mass of each shell increases exponentially from the outer to inner shell.
Source Code For Neutron Model
My Library Source |
SDL Library Source
Output of the original compiled program:
Screenshot of the current animated neutron program:
The hash marks represent electric charge amplitude and polarity. Blue is negative and red is positive. The charge amplitude completes one cycle during one wave length. This causes the same polarity to remain on the outside of the pattern all the way around the loop. Peak amplitude rotates around the loop at the speed of light. In the program this rotation is counter-clockwise. In real life, the rotation could be either way and there would probably be a composite flat-wise rotation of the pattern to form a shell structure. This pattern agrees very well with hadron spectra experiments documented in "Guage Theories in Particle Physics", by Aitchison & Hey. It is part of the "Graduate Student Series in Physics", at the University of Sussex.
This was proof to me that nuclear particles could be constructed of electromagnetic fields alone. I set about to construct them. At first came the electron. It would be the largest of the particles. I wrote another little program to see how a proton and neutron might be composed of these curled up photons.
The simple computer program source code:
The Program Itself
Download via the link, or simply copy and paste the source code below for the Square-of-the-Shells calculator. It is written in ANSII compliant C code and will compile with the Open Source C compiler that ships with Fedora 9 Linux. The latest Windows compilers should also work.
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by
Vernon Brown
June 20, 2008
My first clue came when I wrote a short piece suggesting that the fundamental cause of relativity phenomena might be that all matter was comprised of photons alone. I submitted the piece to scientific journals that claimed to publish ideas outside the scientific mainstream. I found no takers, but what surprised me was the anger the piece evoked from the reviewers. The most profound and telling rejection came from Nature with the admonishment that "such ideas were dangerous", to the scientific community.
I re-read, re-wrote, re-submitted, but always the same. The idea that the universe might be comprised of electromagnetic fields alone evoked anger from many scientists. How could that be? It was as if I were denouncing some great God.
All this was happening circa 1986, right after I retired from a 30 year scientific career with AT & T. I had plenty of time then to research so I revisited the musings of early scientists with a mind set to find clues about their thinking in regard to a solely electromagnetic universe.
What I found surprised me. Many others had thought of such a construct for the universe. I began to find suggestions such as Ziegler's where he points out to Einstein and Planck that such a construct could be the sole cause of Relativity Phenomena. I found that the idea that photons alone may comprise the universe has had a small following for many years. The earliest actual theory seems to have been by James Clerk Maxwell as refined by Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. Known as the Lorentz Aether Theory, it provided Relativity Phenomena in classic space-time.
It was a reach for science to accept Einstein.
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However successful the theory of a four-dimensional world may be, it is difficult to ignore a voice inside us which whispers: At the back of your mind, you know that a fourth dimension is all nonsense."
-ARTHUR STANLEY EDDINGTON |
Einstein knew that the only reason science followed particle theory instead of relying solely on the field was simply prejudice. There was no reason why the field and not the particle might be the totality of things that exist.
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It is shown, however, that the conviction to the effect that the field theory is unable to give, by its methods, a solution of these problems rests upon prejudice.
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Over the years now as I have pondered this reaction of anger from my peers when I propose an electromagnetic universe, a realization slowly emerges. I think I finally know what may be the cause of the anger. Might it be that subconsciously we feel that the philosophical flaws in particle theory is fatal. Might it be that subconsciously we see what a dumb idea is particle theory when overwhelming evidence points to the field.
We have long known of the Profound-Stupidity affliction. The more profoundly stupid an idea, the more strongly it is held its adherents. Might the danger of thinking about the photonic construct be that we might see reality. Maybe the danger is that we will see reality and realize our stupidity.
DeepDown
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Quantumania
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by
Vernon Brown
June 18, 2008
It seems that everything in nature comes in Quantum Chunks. Beginning with the most simple of all things, a single photon of light, it is in fact a quantum of light. While we all know that, we seldom dwell upon just exactly why it is that nature presents itself to us in just such a way. What is it about nature that makes it always come in Quantum Chunks?
The answer to that is quite obvious when you view the photon in the classic sense. When viewed the way Maxwell saw it, the cause of quantum phenomena is obvious. When viewed the way that Lorentz saw it, the cause is obvious. The cause of quantum phenomena only became confusing after Quantum Mechanics made a God of the phenomena. Such a God must be spoken of in hushed tones and thoughts of its cause can never be entertained.
Photons exist as moving points of saturated electric and magnetic amplitude surrounded by electric and magnetic fields that diminish in amplitude with distance away from the points. That is the cause; that is the only cause; that is the reason why Quantum Phenomena exists. The electromagnetically saturated points appear to be particles. And as far as there is anything we can call a particle, those points are particles. But they only differ from the surrounding fields by the value of their amplitude.
We knew this construct for photons at the turn of the 20th century. It is the classic photon published in all the science books of the time. Its schematic drawing is two perpendicularly opposed sine waves any school boy of the day would recognize. But we did not know that construct of a photon would cause Quantum Phenomena. After Quantum Phenomena was discovered, the photon construct that caused it seems to have been forgotten. We knew the cause before we knew the effect. When we discovered the effect, we were so astonished by it that we forgot the cause.
We have so aggrandized quantum phenomena now that it has taken over. It is a great God whose adherents cling to it and make fanciful things of it. It is much too great a God to have such a humble cause as simple electromagnetically saturated photons. But the photon exists, obviously there for all to see who will look. Its properties have not changed since Maxwell described them many years ago.
So nature exists there screaming out to us. All of it exists only as saturated electric and magnetic points swimming within fields of electric and magnetic amplitude that diminish with distance away from the points. Nature screams its final secret, but we can't hear it. We are caught up in Quantumania that blinds us and prevents us from seeing the most humble and simple reason that nature presents itself as Quantum Chunks.
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FilbertGravity
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by
Filbert Wagman
We just about figured out nature as far as how it works and stuff. Turned out to be real easy. You had to take stuff the way it looked by just looking at it. No need to use make-believe weird stuff. Stuff looked like it was just another twist of the most simple stuff it turned into when you banged on it real hard. Everything they is turns into light when you whap on it hard enough. Ain't no secret. They's been now a hundred years them equations that tells you just how hard to whap it to make it do that. We had it all figured out except for just exactly how it was that gravity worked.
Start on Gravity by figuring Space and time was like folks thought before Einstein started screwing around with um. And then we already knowed everything was made out of light; that's the only way relativity can work if you put space and time off limits. So simple fact was, since there won't nothing else that even existed, gravity had to be worked up into electricity somehow.
Gravity was really tough to figure out. It didn't fit direct into electric stuff like light. The pull of it is off the map different fars how stout it is. The pull of gravity ain't near stout enough and it stretches as far away as far away goes.
So we had everything but gravity figured out a hundred years ago. The problem folks had back then was that they didn't know about photons. They didn't even name them until Einstein and Planck started talking about em. And about the time they named them all of science got waylaid by the whole wrong notion of Quantum Mechanics. They got waylaid because they didn't know exactly what it was that made Quantum Phenomena happen. Well, we know now exactly what it is that makes Quantum Phenomena happen.
The whole thing about Quantum Phenomena, the absolute cause of it, and there ain't nothing else that does cause it, is that the heart and soul of a photon is the littlest point they is and that point is electromagnetically saturated. It is a magnet as strong as a magnet can possibly be and it is an electric charge as strong as electric can possibly get. And since a single photon consists of two half cycles, each half cycle has its own point.
You had to know that so you can know how gravity works. You see, that same Quantum Phenomena is what causes gravity. The way it does cause it is that, the saturated point of a photon reaches saturation as it moves through the diminished small effect of the charge fields of all other photons in the universe. That makes the point get to saturation amplitude closer toward the strongest effect of the combined fields.
So, actually, gravity is really just Quantum Phenomena. The root of it is the saturation amplitude of photons. They ain't but just so much amplitude space can support for the electric and magnetic charges of a photon. If you think on it awhile you will see that Planck's constant takes up half of that available amplitude, and gravity takes up the other half. That's how you get gravity out of light. That's how Quantum Phenomena makes gravity happen.
Neutron
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While this fact will not be published by any scientific publication today, anything quantum, even misnaming a nano-crystal and calling it a quantum dot, does get much attention from publishers. The faith is in the quantum. The sad thing is that the faith is so strong it now prevents the scientific community from discovering the true nature of the universe.
Another simple fact is the root cause of all quantum phenomena. Photons possess points where their electromagnetic fields go to saturation. This should be no shock to anyone. Maxwell's equations demand it. Planck's constant derives from it. Gravity depends upon it.
Gravity is caused by the existence of electromagnetic fields (photons) in space. These fields cause the photon points to reach their saturation amplitude at an offset toward increasing field strength. The reason for that is that the fields contribute toward the saturation amplitude of photon points moving through them.
No one should accept these facts just because I point them out. You should think on your own and see it. You should realize for example, that relativity phenomena necessarily happens because of the photon construct of matter. You should also realize on your own that relativity phenomena can only happen if space-time is flat.
After awhile, as you see the cause of phenomena after phenomena the numbers build to the extent that the chance that nature is not thus constructed becomes vanishingly small. There just ain't no other way that nature can all work the way we see that it does work. All you folks fishing in a different pond just ain't gonna catch the big one.
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In photon theory the proton is composed of three photon shells. Each shell is composed of a single gamma ray photon trapped in a resonant pattern to form the shell. If we could slice the sphere of a proton right through the center and view the slice edge on it might look something like the drawings below.
The shells are shown to scale in units of the innermost shell, shell4. Since the gamma ray photon that make up each shell completes a revolution of the sphere in one wave length, the same electrical charge of the photon remains on the outside of the shell, either positive (red) or negative (blue).
Sandwiched within shells, like charges are always face-on toward one another, causing the structure to remain intact. Photons possess points of electromagnetic saturation that are very small. Each saturated point must pass any certain spot on the sphere many times per second as the photon completes its pattern. The most powerful electromagnetic force that exists in nature exists at the photon's saturated points. But the points are small and they pass any certain spot around the sphere very fast. The force of the overall charge at the surface of each shell is thus watered down by the size of the spheres.
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The idea that any thing can produce a gravity field so strong that not even light can escape is not possible within the Photon Theory that we are investigating here. Since, according to Photon Theory, all things are comprised only of changes in the field strength of electric and magnetic fields, there must always be this change. Without it, nothing exists. So, if not Black Holes, what are these super-massive things we see in the center of all galaxies?
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The classic electron diameter is based upon its wave length. It is a very useful because the charge of an electron behaves as if it originates at this classic diameter. But the real diameter of the electron is much smaller; most folks say it is a point charge; it has no size at all.
Now that is a myth; all attempted measurements of electron size have shown that nothing exists at any diameter less than the classic electron diameter. Faced with that data, and an overwhelming determination to have the electron be the smallest of the elementary particles, scientists came up with the point charge myth. A better explanation is to accept the measurements for the facts that they are. The electron is simply what it seems to be. It is an area of charge that originates at the classic electron diameter. That makes the electron the largest of the elementary particles.
Everything of substance in an electron exists at its electromagnetic diameter. Take away the electromagnetic change of an electron and there is nothing left. The electron is simply an electric and magnetic charge with the strength of the charge increasing and decreasing with time. This increasing and decreasing strength of charge is the total substance of the electron. There is nothing else there. If you think there is something else there THEN WHAT IS IT?
The mass of any particle is determined by only one thing. That one thing is the amount of change in the electromagnetic fields of the particle. It is not a great leap from that fact to realize that mass is simply electromagnetic change. Mass is electromagnetic change.
Anywhere there is electromagnetic change there is a corresponding amount of mass. Conversely anywhere there is mass there is a corresponding amount of electric and magnetic change. The change can be balanced and so not detectable with instruments but we know it is there.
It seems that once physicists emerge from the Quantum Mechanical brain washing they receive in class, they are incapable of rational thought. They seem content to accept the queer notions of QM theory and refuse to think of any other possibility for the construct of nature.
John Wheeler wrote, "Some principle uniquely right and uniquely simple must, when one knows it, be also so obvious that it is clear that the universe is built, and must be built, in such and such a way and that it could not possibly be otherwise."
That uniquely right and uniquely simple principle was already known. It is that the final irreducible constituent of all physical reality is the electromagnetic field.
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by
Vernon Brown
Sometimes I need to remind myself why I expend the effort to try and keep alive an old idea that most scientists now want to abandon. When the last great advocate of this idea died before completing a unification of natures forces within his field concept there was no one within the scientific community ready to take up the task.
The idea is that this universe of ours is made entirely of electromagnetic fields and nothing else. The first advocate of this notion seems to have been James Clerk Maxwell. When reading the scientific history of the time, the idea just seems to creep into being, then dies out, the last great advocate being Einstein. There was no great event to herald its coming or its eventual demise. The idea was never falsified; as far as I can find there was never even an attempt to falsify it.
Right away you can see that the idea explains why every material thing is related to the speed of light just exactly the way it is observed to be. Great thinkers discovered this relationship between matter and the speed of light over a hundred years ago. Lorentz and Fitzgerald wrote out the equations that still hold true.
When I tried to find the fatal flaw in that idea, what I found instead was that there was none. No one ever showed that it was wrong. Instead scientists simply ignored the idea and embraced quantum-mechanics making it the most successful scientific theory every proposed. It was successful because of its popularity. Quantum mechanics theory does not explain why it is that nature is tied so directly to the speed of light. In fact quantum mechanics is notably deficient in explaining the "Why" of anything. Why questions are not allowed.
Contrast this with the ancient idea that all of nature, in its totality, is comprised of electromagnetic fields alone. That idea explains exactly why all of nature is exactly the way that all of nature is. So I feel a great need to keep reminding people of this. We are in danger of totally abandoning a great truth. Nature will be the way nature is whether anyone accepts it or not.
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by
Robert L. Kemp
710 North Northwood Avenue
Compton, California 90220
(310) 638-4394
Copyright 1994 ROBERT LOUIS KEMP ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Abstract:
Maxwell’s equations must be modified so that they incorporate the quantum concept. Such that Maxwell's equations allow points in space to reach electromagnetic saturation as well as have a finite electromagnetic amplitude. Maxwell did not apply the quantum concept to his theory because the quantum phenomenon was not discovered until after his death. Maxwell’s equations are quantized by revealing that the electromagnetic change of a photon saturates to a quantized value within the wavelength of a photon. Hypothesized is an electromagnetic saturation constant that is a constant that couples both the changing electric and magnetic fields together and allows the fields to reach maximum electromagnetic amplitude in space. The electromagnetic saturation constant is completely necessary to link the quantum energy concept to Maxwell’s changing electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic saturation is shown to be the cause of Planck’s constant and the electronic charge constant.
INTRODUCTION
In this paper it will be shown that there is an electromagnetic saturation constant in nature. Maxwell’s equations will be evaluated to derive this constant. It will also be shown that electric and magnetic change is quantized in nature. This is realized when Maxwell’s displacement current is viewed as the actual photon of energy. The constant charge for and electromagnetic wave is shown to be the curvature of space around its electric amplitude and equivalent to Planck’s constant. A mathematical derivative for frequency is established and a photon model is introduced. Also, Maxwell’s equations are modified to incorporate single photons and the quantum phenomenon.
MyOwn
Howcome
Pholife
Willis
PTE
Bigbang
Howbuilt
NuclerForces
Strong
BigTired
P2
Suspect
Mass
What-is-Mass
What-is-Gravity
NewUniverse
Relativity
Hofstadter
SpaceTime
