by
Vernon Brown, July 11, 2006
When you bang a tuning fork against a block of wood and hold it up to listen to its hum, you hear the sound of the tuning fork's natural vibration.
Electrons in atoms move in natural repeated patterns, also.
These repeating patterns are the internal clocks of atoms. All
atoms have them.
Atomic Clock circa 1960 
The Cesium 133 atom has a natural resonant frequency of 9,192,631,770 Hertz.
It is the most stable of the atoms with a resonant frequency we can
easily measure. In 1967, the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures
defined a second of time in terms of the Cesium atom's resonant frequency.
So one second of time is now officially set as that amount of time required
for the Cesium 133 atom to complete 9,192,631,770 cycles of vibration at
its natural resonant frequency. Atomic clocks based upon the Cesium atom
can easily attain an accuracy within one second in 300 years.
With clocks such as this, we can compare the passage of time in moving objects with that of objects kept stationary here on earth. All such experiments so far devised show that the moving clock indicates that less time has passed than does the stationary clock. Albert Einstein thought that time and space must vary to cause this. H. Ziegler thought that the objects that move through space and time must vary to cause this. It is well known that Einstein's view correctly predicts the observed differences in time as measured on moving and stationary objects. It is not so well known that Ziegler's view also correctly predicts the observed differences. Classic space-time is required by Ziegler's view. When any atom moves, the patterns of movement in it must change slightly so that the beginning of each pattern cycle starts at the end of the last. If, as H. Ziegler thought, the final irreducible constituent of all physical reality moved at the invariable speed of light, these constituents could not change speed to complete the patterns. The shape of the patterns must then change. And, since the things that move and make the patterns in atoms must move through a greater distance, more time is required to complete each pattern. Since Einstein's view of space and time is completely devoid of cause and effect there is no way to reconcile it with Quantum theory. The two great predictors of reality exist side by side with no likelihood of merging. Ziegler's view does show cause and effect and so does easily merge with Quantum theory. But there is a problem with this merging. The particle concept must give way to the field concept at the quantum scale. Nothing need change but the fundamental concept of particle composition and we have Quantum Mechanics demanding relativity phenomena in classic space-time. |