Nature's Evidence
That It is A Photon Contruct

by
Vernon Brown
June 28, 2008

Known Facts:
Case One: Matter can change into photons. An electron and a positron will annihilate each other when they collide. Two photons come out of the collision. Each photon has the energy of one of the particles. This would necessarily happen if the electron and positron were made of photons. Necessarily means that if this did not happen, it would falsify the concept; Karl Popper can be happy since the concept is falsifiable. Alternatively, we have to assume the two particles hide themselves by some unknown method and generate energy equal to their mass in accord with E = mc² for some unknown reason. The later is philosophically flawed. It violates Occam's Razor.

Case Two: E = mc². Henri Poincare used that equation to describe the momentum that a pulse of light gave to an object that absorbed it. Einstein later showed that the equation applied to all material things. Energy was conserved even when mass absorbed light. Mass and energy were interchangeable. This would obviously be the case if mass were made of photons.

Case Three: All matter can become photons. There is nothing known that cannot be reduced in its totality to photons of energy. There is not some basic solid something left that can't be reduced. This would necessarily be the case if all things were made of photons.

Case Four: Nothing moves faster than photons. No object can go faster than the speed of light. This would necessarily be the case if all objects were made of photons, which are simply bundles of light. Alternatively, we must either not believe the fact or speculate, violating Occam's razor again.

Case Five: Moving objects contract. Massive objects contract in the direction of motion in accord with the Lorentz Transformations. Imagine a ball of photons all swarming around in a pattern, each moving at the speed of light. The ball must squeeze together some in the direction of motion since each photon is already going as fast as it can possibly go. This would necessarily and naturally be the case if massive objects were made of photons. Alternatively, we must speculate about laws of nature that manhandle time and space when anything moves in them. The alternative, of course, violates Occam's Razor.

Case Six: Time slows for a moving object. Time dilation is a natural consequence of the photon construct of nature. The repetition rate of patterns in Atoms must slow when atoms move. This is because the overall distance a photon must move to remain in the pattern is greater when the containing object is moving. Since the photon is already moving at the speed of light and can't move any faster, more time is required to complete the pattern. The repetition rate of these patterns is the final arbiter of time in all things. So time slows for a moving object. And knowing this, we can also know that the effect of the slowing of time is accumulative for the moving object. We can solve the so called "twin paradox" simply by knowing which twin moved the greater distance relative to the special fixed frame of reference in space. No matter that our instruments can't determine that fixed frame, it still must exist. Instruments can't detect it because all instruments are affected by movement just exactly as they would necessarily be affected if they were made of photons.

Case Seven: Common Predictions When we consider that all things are made of photons, there are many predictions about nature that naturally fall out of that construct.
1. Relativity phenomena is the obvious first prediction. All of relativity phenomena behaves exactly as it would behave if matter was comprised of photons.
2. The equivalence of mass and energy is naturally predicted.
3. Quantum phenomena must necessarily happen because photons exist in quantum chunks. Electric and magnetic fields move through space as points of saturated electric and magnetic amplitude.
4. Uncertainty phenomena must occur because of the tendency of photons seek resonant targets and that the photon itself is only potential. It can never be observed until it is at least partially absorbed.
5. Gravitational singularities cannot exist within a photon-only universe. So there are no Black Holes. Super-Massive objects can and do exist, however.
6. The Big Bang could not have happened because of two reasons. First, there could not have been a gravitational singularity for it to spring from, and second, the suspension of physical laws, as postulated for the Great Expansion, is not allowed.
There are many more.

Case Eight: No contraction perpendicular to direction of movement. A ball of photons, as in case five above, would not need to squeeze together in the direction perpendicular to movement to remain in the pattern. This is just as is predicted by the Lorentz transformations.

Case Nine: The electron has no solid core. All attempts to measure a size for an electron that is smaller than its classic electron diameter have shown that there is nothing there. This indicates that an electron only exists at its electromagnetic diameter. This would naturally and necessarily be the case if the electron were a one-photon particle. There is no philosophically sound alternative.

Case Ten: Particles are created out of changing EM fields. Downstream of electron-positron collisions in particle accelerators we find that all basic nuclear particles come out of the collision. Nothing but electrons and positrons went in; all nuclear particles may come out. This would naturally and necessarily be the case if nuclear particles are created out of electromagnetic fields. The greater the energy of collision, the more massive may be the created particles. The particles do not come out of surrounding nuclei; the particles are created out of the energy of the collision.

Case Eleven: Diverse short-lived particles. All kinds of massive short-lived particles show up downstream of collisions in particle accelerators. Any manor of loops may occur; only the stable ones survive; the remaining ones have nothing to do with the make-up of matter except to show that they can actually exist for a short period of time. This is naturally and necessarily what must happen in a photon only universe.

Case Twelve: The Uncertainty Phenomena is a natural consequence of the photon construct of matter as explained by the target of the link. It is caused by the natural tendency of resonance in photons. Resonance is dependent upon the phase relationship between an absorbing target and approaching photon. The approaching photon will bypass an out-of-phase target for an in-phase target even when the in-phase target is some distance away. And since a photon is only potential energy, any sensing of it must convert at least some of the potential energy to actual energy. This changes the photon as is observed in Uncertainty Phenomena. This is naturally and necessarily exactly what must happen in a photon construct for the universe.

Case Thirteen: Quantum Phenomena is a consequence of the photon construct of the universe. Single photons exist as two moving points of electric and magnetic saturation surround by electric and magnetic fields. The fields diminish in amplitude with distance away from the points. That is the classic photon described by Maxwell's equations. The rate-of-change of the fields on their way to becoming saturated points may be observed as particles. The points themselves are as close to being solid particles as nature ever gets. This is naturally and necessarily as it must be in a photon-only universe.

Case Fourteen: Photon's exist as saturated points. The equation itself for the energy content of a photon proves that photon amplitude is a constant. The energy content of any photon is obtained by multiplying Planck's constant times the rate of change of the photon's electric and magnetic fields, expressed as frequency. This is sometimes expressed as E = hv, where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant, and v is the rate of change expressed as frequency. The peak to peak amplitude of the frequency is not part of the equation. Therefore the peak to peak amplitude must be a constant. This is exactly and necessarily as it must be to create Quantum Phenomena in an electromagnetic universe.

Case Fifteen: Electron's exhibit spin one-half characteristic. Electrons behave as though they are composed of two sub-particles spinning on a common radius at the speed of light. Attempts to find these sub-particles produces photons. Measurements detect a spin property of spin 1/2 showing that there are two points of maximum amplitude in the electrons wave pattern. This would naturally be the case if each maximum-amplitude half-cycle of the photon appears opposite each other across the diameter of the electron's spin pattern. This is exactly and necessarily as it must be if electrons are made of the two half-cycles of single photons spinning on a common radius at the speed of light.

Case Sixteen: Hadron spectra suggests a shell construct. Dr. Robert Hofstadter used the particle accelerator at Stanford University to collect hadron spectra from colliding nuclear particles. Dr. Hofstadter received the Nobel Prize in 1961 for his discovery of nuclear structure. Dr. Hofstadter indicated that a simple shell structure would produce similar spectra.

Case Seventeen: Electrons show their wave structure. Electrons exhibit a wave structure that is well known. This structure is exactly as it would necessarily be if the electron were composed of one photon trapped in a pattern. The points of maximum amplitude of the electron must radiate the electric field in a sinusoidal pattern as the photon traverses the electron's circumference at the speed of light. This must necessarily give the electron a wave-like appearance that is detected and measured. This is also true of all the elementary particles. Since the proton and neutron are composite particles, their wave structure is more complex than that of an electron just as they must necessarily be if they are composed of multiple photon shells.

Case Eighteen: Binding forces inside nucleons is greater than the electric force. The electromagnetic force radiating from an electron must originate at the electron's circumference and not from a central point as some currently believe. The electric force is caused by the bend radius of the trapped photon that comprises the electron. The more tight the bend radius, the greater the force. This means that the tighter bend radius of the shells that make up atomic nuclei must produce a greater electric force than the electron. We see that the forces inside nucleons is greater than the electric force, just exactly as it must necessarily be if the nucleons are a shell structure.

Case Nineteen: The electric force seen radiating from a proton is exactly equal to one electron worth of force This is exactly as it must be if the outer shell of the proton follows the size-to-mass ratio of the Square of the Shells Rule. The smaller bend radius creates a stronger field. When seen at any distance away that is greater than the electron's radius, this stronger field, diminished by distance, must equal the strength of the electron. The greater force can only be seen at distances less than the electron's electromagnetic radius. This is just exactly as it must necessarily be if protons and electrons are made of photons that are trapped in patterns. The strength of the force as calculated in the neutron-proton model is
p1.ms2 + p2.ms2 + p1.ms3 + p2.ms3 = Strong Force
42.27723 + 42.27723 + 6.50209 + 6.50209 = 97.55904
Result in electron's worth of force.

Case Twenty: Massive particles have the property of inertia. The electromagnetic wave as described by Maxwell's equations contain no mechanism to spontaneously change its frequency. As a result, photon frequency is stable. To increase frequency, energy must be added. To decrease frequency, energy must be taken away. If particles of mass were made of photons, we would expect this stability of frequency to remain with the photon in its new form. We do see that. It is the property of inertia. This is just exactly as it must necessarily be if matter is comprised of photons alone.

Case Twenty one: The Fine Structure Constant in nature is related to the electrical charge amplitude of an electron. In a photon-only universe this is the ratio of the electrical charge amplitude of an electron to the bend radius of the path of the photon that comprises the electron. Any time the path of the propagation of an electromagnetic wave bends in space, there is a residual field of imbalance. The area occupied by the positive and the negative halves of the wave can not be symmetrical in the bend of the path. This residual field is measured as an electrical charge. The tighter the bend, the greater the charge. At one certain bend radius the charge is exactly right to hold the electromagnetic wave in its bent path forming something like a standing wave. This forms an electron or positron.

Case Twenty Two: Strong Nuclear Dynamics are consistent with an electromagnetic construct of the proton. The strong nuclear force binds protons together to form atoms. The dynamics of this union are exactly that of a shell construct of a proton composed of three electromagnetic shells. The strange property of the strong force that it increases in amplitude with separation is explained by the model. The strong attractive force is actually the opposing forces of like charges on the inside of shells two and the outside of shells three.

Case Twenty three: The Cosmic Background Radiation occupies an inertial frame that is the same throughout the universe. We can detect this inertial frame by noting that its temperature is the same in all directions. Our earth moves through this inertial at the rate of about five hundred miles per second. The CBR is thus a special inertial frame and light speed is always relative to this special inertial frame. Of course we cannot detect that by any measure of light speed. Our measuring devices are all distorted by exactly the amount to prevent this measure. The measuring devices are distorted this way because they are all composed entirely of photons which must themselves move at this constant speed.

Case Twenty Four: !! We're working on it !!